Mozart - a timeline of the great composer's life Discover the key events in Mozart's biography, with links to each relevant story of his life. Mozart is born - a genius from birth? Mozart's first concert and a European tour - The young Mozart was, as we know, an early starter when it came to music.
Mozart's first opera - How young was Mozart when he composed his first opera? Mozart and Allegri's Miserere The legendary story of how Mozart copied out Allegri's Miserere note for note has gone down in the annals of classical music history. Mozart moves to Italy - Early opera successes soon gave way to some work in Italy, and before he knew it Mozart was a hit in Milan, Naples, Bologna Tragedy strikes the Mozart family - Mozart had spent so much time with his father over the years that it's easy to forget the influence that his mother had on his life.
Mozart meets Constanze Weber Mozart married Constanze when he was 26, having, some years previously been smitten by her sister, Aloysia. Mozart's first child - It was a time of happiness for Mozart as his personal life went through his marriage and the arrival of his first child - but the happiness was not to last long, and the darkness that characterised his later life began to rear its ugly head.
Mozart's final year The last year of Mozart's life was, to say the least, tumultuous. The visit included Munich, Mannheim, and Paris. In Mannheim he became acquainted with members of the Mannheim orchestra, the best in Europe at the time.
He also fell in love with Aloysia Weber, one of four daughters in a musical family. Mozart moved on to Paris and attempted to build his career there, but was unsuccessful he did obtain a job offer as organist at Versailles, but it was a job he did not want.
The visit to Paris was an especially unhappy one because Mozart's mother took ill and died there, June 23, On his way back to Salzburg Mozart passed through Munich again, where Aloysia, now employed at the opera there as a singer, indicated she was no longer interested in him. Mozart's discontent with Salzburg continued after his return. The question arises why Mozart, despite his talent, was unable to find a job on this trip.
Maynard Solomon has suggested that the problem lay in conflict with father Leopold, who insisted that Mozart find a high-level position that would support the entire family.
Wolfgang favored the alternative strategy of settling in a major city, working as a freelance, and cultivating the aristocracy to the point that he would be favored for an important job; this had worked earlier for other musicians such as Haydn. The plan Leopold imposed, coupled with Mozart's youth he was only 21 when he left Salzburg , seems to have had foreordained failure.
The following March, the composer was summoned to Vienna, where his employer, Prince-Archbishop Colloredo of Salzburg, was attending the celebrations for the installation of the Emperor Joseph II. Mozart, who had just experienced success in Munich, was offended when Colloredo treated him as a mere servant, and particularly when the Archbishop forbade him to perform before the Emperor at Countess Thun's for a fee that would have been fully half of his Salzburg salary.
In May the resulting quarrel intensified: Mozart attempted to resign, and was refused. The following month, however, the delayed permission was granted, but a grossly insulting way: Mozart was dismissed literally "with a kick in the arse", administered by the Archbishop's steward, Count Arco.
In the meantime, Mozart had been noticing opportunities to earn a good living in Vienna, and he chose to stay there and develop his own freelance career. In fact, Mozart's Vienna career began very well. He performed often as a pianist, notably in a competition before the Emperor with Muzio Clementi, December 24, , and according to the New Grove, he soon "had established himself as the finest keyboard player in Vienna. The work was soon being performed "throughout German-speaking Europe", and fully established Mozart's reputation as a composer.
Near the height of his quarrels with Archbishop Colloredo, Mozart moved in May 1 or May 2, with the Weber family, who had moved to Vienna from Mannheim. The father, Fridolin, had died, and the Webers were now taking in lodgers to make ends meet. Aloysia, who had earlier rejected Mozart's suit, was now married to the actor Joseph Lange, and Mozart's interest shifted to the third daughter, Constanze.
The couple were married, with father Leopold's "grudging consent" New Grove , on August 4, They had six children, of whom only two survived infancy: Carl Thomas — and Franz Xaver Wolfgang —; later a minor composer himself. During —, Mozart became closely acquainted with the work of J.
Bach and G. Handel as a result of the influence of Baron Gottfried van Swieten, who owned many manuscripts of works by the Baroque masters. In , Wolfgang and Constanze visited Wolfgang's family in Salzburg, but the visit was not a success, as Leopold and Nannerl were, at best, only polite to Constanze. However, the visit sparked the composition of one of Mozart's great liturgical pieces, the Mass in C Minor, which, though not completed, was premiered in Salzburg.
Constanze sang in the premiere. At some unknown time following his move to Vienna, Mozart met Joseph Haydn and the two composers became friends; see Haydn and Mozart. When Haydn visited Vienna, they sometimes played together in an impromptu string quartet. Mozart's six quartets dedicated to Haydn K. Haydn was soon in awe of Mozart, and when he first heard the last three of Mozart's series he told the visiting Leopold, "Before God and as an honest man I tell you that your son is the greatest composer known to me either in person or by name: He has taste, and, furthermore, the most profound knowledge of composition.
These trips were often difficult and travel conditions were primitive. The family had to wait for invitations and reimbursement from the nobility and they endured long, near-fatal illnesses far from home: first Leopold London, summer , then both children The Hague, autumn This travel lasted from December to March In Milan, Mozart wrote the opera Mitridate, re di Ponto , which was performed with success.
This led to further opera commissions. He returned with his father later twice to Milan August—December ; October — March for the composition and premieres of Ascanio in Alba and Lucio Silla Leopold hoped these visits would result in a professional appointment for his son in Italy, but these hopes were never realized. Tanzmeisterhaus, Salzburg, Mozart family residence from ; reconstructed Toward the end of the final Italian journey, Mozart wrote the first of his works to be still widely performed today, the solo motet Exsultate, jubilate , K.
After finally returning with his father from Italy on 13 March , Mozart was employed as a court musician by the ruler of Salzburg, Prince-Archbishop Hieronymus Colloredo.
The composer had a great number of friends and admirers in Salzburg and had the opportunity to work in many genres, including symphonies, sonatas, string quartets, masses, serenades, and a few minor operas.
Between April and December , Mozart developed an enthusiasm for violin concertos, producing a series of five the only ones he ever wrote , which steadily increased in their musical sophistication. The last three—K. In Mozart turned his efforts to piano concertos, culminating in the E-flat concerto K. Despite these artistic successes, Mozart grew increasingly discontented with Salzburg and redoubled his efforts to find a position elsewhere.
One reason was his low salary, florins a year; Mozart longed to compose operas, and Salzburg provided only rare occasions for these. The situation worsened in when the court theater was closed, especially since the other theater in Salzburg was largely reserved for visiting troupes.
Two long expeditions in search of work interrupted this long Salzburg stay: Mozart and his father visited Vienna from 14 July to 26 September , and Munich from 6 December to March The painting is a copy of a work now lost. In August , Mozart resigned his position at Salzburg and on 23 September ventured out once more in search of employment, with visits to Augsburg, Mannheim, Paris, and Munich. Mozart became acquainted with members of the famous orchestra in Mannheim, the best in Europe at the time.
He also fell in love with Aloysia Weber, one of four daughters of a musical family. There were prospects of employment in Mannheim, but they came to nothing, and Mozart left for Paris on 14 March to continue his search. One of his letters from Paris hints at a possible post as an organist at Versailles, but Mozart was not interested in such an appointment. He fell into debt and took to pawning valuables. There had been delays in calling a doctor—probably, according to Halliwell, because of a lack of funds.
While Mozart was in Paris his father was pursuing opportunities of employment for him in Salzburg. With the support of the local nobility, Mozart was offered a post as court organist and concertmaster. The annual salary was florins, but he was reluctant to accept. By that time relations between Grimm and Mozart had cooled, and Mozart moved out.
After leaving Paris in September for Strasbourg, he lingered in Mannheim and Munich, still hoping to obtain an appointment outside Salzburg. In Munich he again encountered Aloysia, now a very successful singer, but she was no longer interested in him. Mozart finally returned to Salzburg on 15 January and took up his new appointment, but his discontent with Salzburg remained undiminished.
During his short life, he composed in all different musical forms, including operas, symphonies, concertos, masses, and chamber music. Today, he is still considered a genius! Duration: Composed in Classical Period.
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